法律有幾種表達方式：
- 正面概括。
- 正面列舉。
- 正面限制。
- 正面但書。
- 正面排除。
- 負面概括。
- 負面列舉。
- 負面限制。
- 負面但書。
- 負面排除。
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There are several kinds of legal expressions:
- positive generalization;
- positive enumeration;
- positive restriction;
- positive exception;
- positive exclusion;
- negative generalization;
- negative enumeration;
- negative restriction;
- negative exception; and
- negative exclusion.
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| 民眾正因為不熟悉法律的表達方式，就被法律文字遊戲玩弄。 |
People are often tricked by legal word games, since they are unfamiliar with these legal expressions. |
正面概括例如：
「誰都可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，男人和女人都可以參加。 |
A positive generalization is like:
"Everyone can join this party."
In this case, men and women are both allowed. |
正面列舉例如：
「女人可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人可以參加，並無疑義，但並沒有說男人就不可以參加。到底男人可不可以參加，就要再確認。 |
A positive enumeration is like:
"Women can join this party."
In this case, women are allowed without doubt, but it does not explicitly forbid the men's admission, which is to be further checked. |
正面限制例如：
「只有女人可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人可以，而男人不可以參加。 |
A positive restriction is like:
"Only women can join this party."
In this case, women are allowed, while men are not allowed. |
正面但書例如：
「誰都可以參加此派對。但男人不在此限。」
這種情況，女人可以，而男人不可以參加。 |
A positive exception is like:
"Everyone can join this party, except for men."
In this case, women are allowed, while men are not allowed. |
正面排除例如：
「除了女人之外，誰都可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人不可以，而男人可以參加。 |
A negative exclusion is like:
"Everyone other than women can join this party."
In this case, women are not allowed, while men are allowed. |
負面概括例如：
「誰都不可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，男人和女人都不可以參加。 |
A negative generalization is like:
"No one can join this party."
In this case, neither men nor women are allowed. |
負面列舉例如：
「女人不可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人不可以參加，並無疑義，但並沒有說男人就可以參加。到底男人可不可以參加，就要再確認。 |
A negative enumeration is like:
"Women cannot join this party."
In this case, women are not allowed without doubt, but it does not explicitly forbid men's admission, which is to be further checked. |
負面限制例如：
「只有女人不可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人不可以，而男人可以參加。 |
A negative restriction is like:
"Only women cannot join this party."
In this case, women are not allowed, while men are allowed. |
負面但書例如：
「誰都不可以參加此派對。但男人不在此限。」
這種情況，女人不可以，而男人可以參加。 |
A negative exception is like:
"No one can join this party, except for men."
In this case, women are not allowed, while men are allowed. |
負面排除例如：
「除了女人之外，誰都不可以參加此派對。」
這種情況，女人可以，而男人不可以參加。 |
A negative exclusion is like:
"No one other than women can join this party."
In this case, women are allowed, while men are not allowed. |
