論霸凌 On Bullying

【霸凌之定義】	[The Definition of Bullying]
霸凌，係指下列情事之一： 無理由[1]而損害當事人。 有理由而損害當事人過當[2]。	Bullying means one of the following affairs: To damage a person for no reason[1]. To overly[2] damage a person for reason.
【霸凌之客觀原因】	[The Objective Reason for Bullying]
霸凌，肇因於個體或群體欲展現其主觀上[3]生物優質性，而否定特定特別[4]個體或特定特別群體。	Bullying is caused by the denial of a certain special[4] individual or a certain special colony by an individual or a colony which wants to show the subjectively[3] biological superiority thereof.
【霸凌之效力】	[The Effect of Bullying]
霸凌，有害於生物多元性。	Bullying is detrimental to biological variety.
【霸凌之判斷】	[The Determination of Bullying]
在生物優質性與多元性之競合下，應依〈保有群體多元性之個體維生閥值設定〉判斷損害之必要性。	In a conflict between biological superiority and biological variety, we shall determine the necessity of damage according to The Individual Living Threshold Setup for Preserving the Colonial Variety.

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Notes:

[1]	包括：理由不備及理由不適當。	Including the cases in which the reason is short and the reason is inappropriate.
[2]	不符比例原則。	Out of proportionality.
[3]	自以為。	Self-righteously.
[4]	包括：特別優質及特別劣質	Including specially good and specially bad.

論意志 On Will

【意志之定義】	[The Definition of Will]
意志係函數，且隨時變化。	A will is a function, and is time-variant.
【意志力之主觀範圍及客觀範圍】	[The Subjective Boundary and the Objective Boundary of Will Effect]
意志之定義域及值域，隨時變化。	The domain and the range of a will are time-variant.
【無自由意志（一）——意志能力不具備】	[Non-free Will (1) —Lacking of Will Ability]
系統，其因自回饋而在特定時間不能特定其變數者，在上開時間既非意志，當然不認為自由意志。	A system of which the variable cannot be specified at a certain time due to its self-feedback is not deemed a free will at said time because it is not even a will.
【無自由意志（二）——意志力不自由】	[Non-free Will (2) —Non-freedom of Will Effect]
意志，其定義域或值域受羈束者，既非自由，不認為自由意志。	A will of which the domain and the range are limited is not deemed a free will because it is not free.

殺人的精神病患得如何處置？ How to Deal with a Psychotic Killer

我國《刑法》明文規定：「行為時因精神障礙或其他心智缺陷，致不能辨識其行為違法或欠缺依其辨識而行為之能力者，不罰。」因此，殺人的精神病患是無罪的。	The Criminal Code prescribes that, "it is guiltless for a person who is unable to recognize his behavior to be illegal or lacks ability to behave according to his recognition, due to mental disorder or other mental defects during his behavior." Hence, a psychotic killer is guiltless.
然而，病情嚴重到會殺人的精神病患，還算是人嗎？如果他還算是人，他就應該負起人的責任；如果他已經不算是人，他就是產物。	However, shall a psychotic killer being so serious that he kills people be deemed a person? If he shall be deemed a person, he shall take the responsibility as a person; while if he shall not be deemed a person, he shall be deemed a product.
人們對危險到會殺人的產物，總會先嘗試修復它；無法修復它的話，只好毀棄它，以免它再度殺人。這是理所當然的。ˊ	Dealing with a product being so dangerous that it kills people, we always try to repair it at first, but if we cannot repair it, we cannot help but destroy it, to avoid it from killing people again. This is reasonable.
殺人的精神病患，經過治療出院後，再度殺人的話，顯然證明它無法被修復，因此，它應該被毀棄。	If a psychotic killer treated kills people again after leaving the hospital, it proves it is irreparable, and it shall be destroyed.
而我們毀棄殺人的精神病患的方法，並非將它處死，只是剝奪它的生命。兩者的差別，可參考〈死刑（其之二）〉	By the way, the method to destroy a psychotic killer is not a capital punishment, but a deprival of its life. Check The Capital Pushement (Part2) to see the difference between the two.

何謂後設？ What is "Meta"?

例如：「書」中書，在本書中，復收錄別書，則本書即後設書也。	With regard to a "book" of books, the book in which other books are collected is a metabook.
例如：「劇」中劇，在本劇中，復表演別劇，則本劇即後設劇也。	With regard to a "drama" of dramas, the drama in which other dramas are played is a metadrama.
例如：「夢」中夢，在本夢中，復遊歷別夢，則本夢即後設夢也。	With regard to a "dream" of dreams, the dream in which other dreams are experienced is a metadream.
後設，乃形式之自包絡。	Meta is a form covering itself.
又觀念世界以「世界」之形式包絡實體世界，故凡觀念皆後設，且當然後設猜想。	Moreover, since the conceptual world covers the real world by the form of "world", every concept is of meta, and of course, a metahypothesis.

學習的目的 The Purpose of Study

學習，終究是為了使甚微小而孤獨者[1]認識蟲魚鳥獸、草木花果之動靜，乃至於山河、海陸、天地、群星、宇宙之過去、現在、未來，以讚嘆其等之美，而在死亡的那一刻，欣喜地與其等合一。

Study is eventually to let the small and solitary one[1] know the dynamic and static states of insects, fishes, birds and beasts, as well as of grasses, trees, flowers and fruits, and furthermore, to let him know the past, the presence and the future of mountains and rivers, seas and lands, heaven and earth, stars and universe, to admire the beauty thereof, and to joyfully merge thereinto at the moment of death.

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Notes:

[1]

即自我。

That is, self.

美感之來源 The Causes of the Sense of Beauty

美感之來源恰[1]如次： 習知協調性： 係出於欲使事物呈現協調狀態之生理需求者。 習知不協調性： 係故意[2]背於欲使事物呈現協調狀態之生理需求者。 新穎性： 係因尚不知其協調與否，而尚不知自其有何生理需求，致生驚奇者。

The sense of beauty can be caused exactly[1] by: known harmony: for following the physiological need to harmonize things. known disharmony: for intentionally[2] violating the physiological need to harmonize things. novelty: which brings a surprise since one still does not know whether it is harmonic or not, and as a result, does not know what need is about it.

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Notes:

[1]	除此之外，別無其他。	Only.
[2]	非因故意，不可為之。	It must be intentional.